Work in artificial intelligence has produced computer programs that can beat the world chess champion, control autonomous vehicles, complete our email sentences, etc. More importantly, AI has also produced programs with which one can converse in natural language, including customer service (the so-called "virtual agents") and chat assistant. Our experience shows that playing chess, and carrying on a conversation, are activities that require understanding and intelligence and we may ask at which point does an entity really understand languages ? Said otherwise, does computer prowess at conversation and challenging games then show that computers can understand language and be intelligent ?
Woland pointed out that creativity is inherently the essence of genuine consciousness and understanding and AI appears to not be endowed with reason.
Assuming that computation is defined purely formal or syntactical, whereas minds have actual mental or semantic contents, and that we cannot get from syntactical to the semantic just by having the syntactical operations and nothing else, the implementation of the computer program is not by itself sufficient for consciousness or intentionality.
It seems that AI and robotics will lead to significant gains in productivity and thus overall wealth. The attempt to increase productivity has often been a feature of the economy, though the emphasis on "growth" is more or less a modern phenomenon. Productivity gains through automation typically mean that fewer humans are required for the same output. This does not necessarily imply a loss of overall employment, however, because available wealth increases and that can increase demand sufficiently to counteract the productivity gain. In the long run, higher productivity in industrial societies has led to more wealth overall.
Classic automation has replaced human muscle, whereas digital automation replaces human thought or information processing (and unlike physical machines, digital automation is very cheap to duplicate). It may induce a more radical change on the labour market. So the main question is : will the effects be different this time? Will the creation of new jobs and wealth keep up with the destruction of jobs? Do we need to make societal adjustments for fair distribution of costs and benefits?