I spotted this as one of the pinned thread ideas, and nobody's done it yet, so I took the liberty of making it myself. I'll add a brief overview of some of the major styles, and although I would assume most people have no personal experience with engaging with or seeing any of these styles, maybe something interesting will come out of it.
Lolita
Inarguably the most well-known, it came into being towards the end of the 1980s. Mostly separated into classic and gothic style, which are inspired by historical dress, particularly formal wear of the 18th-19th century Anglo-French aristocracy and Alice in Wonderland, or sweet lolita, which has a more overtly cute focus, with pastel or pink dresses and prints with things like teddy bears or cake. And after that, you can get further into more specific theming, things like Qi or Wa (Chinese or Japanese), sailor, military, punk but I'll leave it at that. Also, not etymologically related either to the Lolita novel, nor the lolita complex, which I personally find to be a very useful thing to be aware of because if someone states otherwise in confidence you know they have done precisely zero research.
Jirai kei
Jirai kei (landmine type) is a term that refers both to the fashion style, and the people who wear it, the 'landmine' moniker being applied to mentally unstable women of a particular variety, something that the international community may recognise better as the "Hello Kitty BPD hoe" archetype. The fashion itself has overlap with some other styles like girly kei, dark girly, and yami kawaii (sick kawaii), but the 'classic' jirai look involves a blouse and skirt (most popularly pink and black), coupled with elaborate make-up, hair, and piercings. Another adjacent style is ryosangata (mass-produced), which is also used to refer to the type of women that wear it (to internationalise again, NPCs), but I'm not qualified to talk about what separates it from jirai.
Tenshi kaiwai
Tenshi, which has its own overlap with Y2K fashion and Cyber, makes use of a pastel colour palette, usually blue, paired with white, and as the name would suggest an angelic feel, plus leg warmers, and baggy and oversized clothes. Unlike with lolita, I can't really consult any academic material on the subject, and among the other styles mentioned it is comparatively obscure, but from personal experience I've only seen its emergence within this decade.
